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William Bolts
William Bolts (1739–1808) was a Dutch-born eighteenth-century merchant active in India. He began his career as an employee of the British East India Company, and subsequently became an independent merchant. He is best known today for his 1772 book, ''Considerations on India Affairs'', which detailed the exploitation and despoliation of Bengal by the East India Company which began shortly after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The observations and experiences he recorded offer a unique resource for scholars inquiring into the nature of early British rule in Bengal. Throughout his life, Bolts continued to propose and execute various trading ventures on his own behalf and in conjunction with various commercial and governmental partners. The ventures of individual traders like Bolts did much to spur governments and large corporations into the expansion of their own interests and empires.
==Biography==
William Bolts was born in Amsterdam on 7 February 1739.〔William Bolts’s will made in Lisbon on 12 August 1805 and proved in London on 7 September 1808, National Archives, Kew, National Archives, Kew, PRO, PROB 11/1485, sig.710; cited by H.V. Bowen, entry on William Bolts in the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Oxford University Press, 2004, Vol.6, pp.496-7.〕 The baptismal register of the English Church in Amsterdam records his baptism on 21 February 1739, his parents being William and Sarah Bolts (his mother was perhaps English, his father German, from the Palatinate).〔Charles Piot, "Deux publications inconnues, de Guillaume Bolts", ''Bulletin du Bibliophile Belge,'' Bruxelles, tome XIII (2e serie, tome IV), 1857, pp.81-4.〕
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